Stainless steel was widely used in industrial production with its excellent oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties. But in the marine environment, the stainless steel material was affected by the seawater environment easily and the corrosion resistant properties reduced. It was analyzed that the corrosion mechanism of stainless steel in seawater, and the influence factors of influence in seawater corrosion of stainless steel were discussed from the angle of content, salinity, dissolved oxygen and water flow rate, microbial. Finally the research situation of the current stainless steel anti-corrosion technology was discussed.

In oil refining enterprises, different oil refining process would produce a certain amount and quality of wastewater. Based on the tracking model of material flow analysis method, all the water process was integrated into the water balance system, and the optimization model and evaluation index system of the water supply network were established. Taking the oil refinery in China as an example, the water network model of the oil refining production process was constructed, and the minimum water consumption problem of the current water system was determined. The method was optimized and evaluated. The results showed that the fresh water consumption could be reduced by 26.90% and the sewage discharge could be reduced by 84.42% after taking the water system optimization measures. Waterenvironmental efficiency increased by 15.34%.

Reducing energy-related carbon emissions while maintaining the industrial economic development was an inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development. Based on the extend Kaya identity and the logarithmic mean Divisia index method（LMDI）, a decoupling efforts decomposition model was constructed, which were adopted to analyze energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure and industrial output for industrial carbon emissions impact and their relative decoupling efforts. The results showed that industrial output factor played a promoting role in industrial carbon emissions, energy intensity factor and industrial structure factor had some inhibitory effect, and energy structure factor's role was very limited. 2002—2012, Liaoning province was in a weak decoupling effort period, and the efforts was not ideal. 2012—2014, Liaoning province was in a strong decoupling effort period, the effects was significant for reducing carbon emissions.

The residual strength evaluation of corroded pipeline carried out regularly was significant for guiding pipeline maintenance and operation safety. Effective Area Method, an important residual strength evaluation technique, was studied. A corrosion defect measure method was proposed, which was suitable for the Effective Area Method. The computer program was compiled according to the calculation model of Effective Area Method. The residual strength of an actual pipeline defect was evaluated by the Effective Area Method and Modified B31G respectively. The result showed that the Effective Area Method was less conservative than Modified B31G.

The growth of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) under different magnetic field strength was studied by using microbial method. The corrosion rate of X100 steel in simulated solution of SRB steel under different magnetic field strength was calculated by the method of weight loss. It was found that the magnetic field could inhibit the growth of SRB, and the stronger the magnetic field intensity was, the stronger the inhibition effect was; The magnetic field could inhibit the corrosion rate of X100 steel, and the corrosion rate of X100 steel first decreased and then increased with the increase of magnetic field strength. When the magnetic field strength was 5 mT, the corrosion rate was the smallest. The influence of static magnetic field on the survival rate of microbe and the corrosion rate of metals were briefly introduced. A new idea for the inhibition of microbial corrosion in pipeline was proposed.

TGNET software has been widely used in the world, it can not only simulate the single pipeline transportation simple model, but also simulate the complex technology system contain multi supply, multi loop network, multi compressors, and multi valves, et. It was a long history software for gas transmission pipeline simulation. In order to play a guiding role in the operation of nature gas transmission pipeline by TGNET software, the actual production of Shuang 6 gas storage with the TGNET software was simulated. The simulation process included: The establishment of the pipeline gathering and transportation network model; Determined the gas model, the gas state equation and the friction coefficient formula. Shuang 6 gas storage input the basic parameters of the supply, gas pipeline and delivery; Start the simulation and output results. According to the simulation results, making a comparison table of the simulated pressure values and the measured pressure values of Shuang 6 gas storage, a comparison chart of pressure was drawn. The consequences showed that the relative error was less than 4.3% between the TGNET software simulation results and the actual production pressure, obtained the result of TGNET software that was suitable for the actual production situation of Liaohe oil field Shuang 6 gas storage.

In order to analyze the stress and strain of single directly crossing pipeline with anchor block influenced by gravity and the inner pressure, the finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to make numerical simulation. Through changing the length and the pipe diameter of crossing pipeline, the stress concentration point and the pipeline failure point were found. Conclusions were made as follows: with the increase of the pipeline length, the stress and strain increased by the influence of gravity and the inner pressure. When the length exceeded 25 m, the crossing pipeline structure failed in strength. When the diameter reached 610 mm, it also failed. To avoid the failure of the pipeline, the comprehensive influenced factors should be thought about, and truss crossing pipeline and suspending pipeline should be used.

It is of great significance to predict the long distance oil pipeline residual life for avoiding leakage accidents and saving repair costs. For the two corrosiondefect points that were dug out on one domestic refined oil pipeline, the threedimensional finite element model of ellipsoidal defect of pipelines structure based on FEA was established. According to the measured dimensions of the two defects of pipeline, the stress analysis of corroded pipelines using nonlinear analysis technique and the remaining life prediction based on plastic limit state failure criterion was also done. The results show that the remaining life of the two corrosion defects were respetively 8 and 13 years. The predicted results could provide theoretical basis for pipeline maintenance and repair.

In order to operate the town polyethylene gas pipeline safely and reduce the operational risk, the possible accidents were analyzed that the town gas polyethylene pipe could occur and its reasons. Using fault tree analysis method, both the fault tree model and its sub fault tree model of the town polyethylene gas pipeline were established. Through the calculation of the minimum cut sets, the minimum path sets and the structure importance of it, the possible malfunctions of the town polyethylene gas pipeline and the reasons were analyzed. The research results show that the failure of town polyethylene gas pipeline had a larger threat, and the threat of pipeline auxiliary facilities failure was less. Among the reasons of pipeline failure, the influence of the outside interference was the largest|the scratches and defects of the pipeline had a minor influence|and the aging pipes and stress effect on the pipeline had the least influence on the pipeline accidents.

Gas belongs to flammable and explosive hazardous gas. When the leakage of gas occurred in limited indoor space, the serious consequences would be produced. According to the characteristics of the gas leakage diffusion, firstly Gambit was established indoor gas stove nozzle dispersion physical model. Secondly CFD fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to simulate the diffusion process of continuous leakage. Finally comparing the diffusion results under certain temperature gradient but different moisture conditions, and monitoring the specified installation area with variety of mounting points, the aim was to optimize the installation position of the alarm. The results show that the location of distance and relative humidity of indoor air were both the key factors on affecting the alarm time. For the same mounting points, relative air humidity increasing 15% would cause delaying the time of alarm nearly 6 s| under the same air relative humidity, each time the alarm was away from the leaking mouth increasing by 1metre, alarm time would lag for 4 s.

The three dimensional model of the pipe leakage in the open ground was established and the grid refinement was made to aim at the highspeed leak areas. Using CFD commercial software FLUENT 6.3 for gas pipeline leakage process was simulated. The different wind speed, the influence of the initial velocity and leak mouth shapes (round and diamond) under the condition of leak were examined. The numerical simulation results showed that the wind speed had a great influence on jet angle on gas leak. The diffusion range increased with the diffusion height. The initial velocity had a great influence on jet height. The diffusion height increased with the initial velocity increasing. The wider range of hydrogen sulfide leak was circle leak mouth. The simulation results had certain significance for long distance natural gas pipeline leakage diffusion laws awareness and accident prevention.

The heavy oil electric heat pipe tracing twodimensional unsteady model was established to analyze the influence and the laws of heavy oil pipeline safety shutdown time under the thickness of pipe insulation, the number of heating pipes and location parameters. The results show that in the case of a single tube with heat, when the pipe thickness was respectively 60, 70 mm, and 80 mm, corresponding security shutdown time was about 26, 30 h, and 34 h| in the case of double pipes heating, the change of the angle between the two tubes had the smaller impact on the safety shutdown time, and the safety shutdown time was about 36 h.

According to different damage process of natural gas pipeline leakage diffusion problems, using FLUENT software, CFD simulation model was established, and studied the different leak diameter of the effects on gas leakage diffusion area and simulated the natural gas leak and diffusion process between mountain and city terrain. The situation of wind speed changing along with the height and mass discharge rates variable with the time were taken into account and UDFs were programmed into the FLUENT to amend them. It concluded that the bigger hold can achieve the higher range, the max lower explosive limit of the high from the ground and downwind horizontal distances of diameter of 6.35 , 25.40 mm and 101.60 mm were 92 m and 322 m,122 m and 770 m, 408 m and 1291 m. When diffuses on the surface and in the soil, the 101.60 mm leak diameter had the maximum diffusion range. The biggest downwind horizontal distances were up to 80 m and 105 m respectively. This was because the gas lost a lot of turbulent energy influenced by the soil above the pipeline.

Based on the measured oil station coordinate data and longdistance oil pipeline paper topographic map vector data,using ArcGIS combination of Sketchup modeling to realize 3D visualization,storaging graphics and attribute data in Geodatabase,using C# programming language combine of ArcGIS Engine secondary development component , 3D oil station and longdistance oil pipeline information system were designed. The system realized the functions including 2D and 3D Linkage showes,information inquiry,spatial analysis,information output,system maintenance,etc.

The X70 and X80 steel electrochemical specimens were soaked shortly in NS4 solution which was simulated as a typical neutral soil environment. After that, ulcerlike, loose and easilyfalling rust spots were found on them. Shallow corrosion pits occurred in larger rust spots. The electrochemical behaviors of specimens were investigated with polarization curve method and electrochemical impedance scan method. The results show that the rust spot increased corrosion trend of metals and accelerated the corrosion rate. This was due to the imperfection and separation of the early rust spots reduced the metalenvironmental polarization resistance. The roughness of the surface increased the working area of the specimens and the corrosion current.

By introducing PCM in the multifrequency principles and using DM produced by Radiodetection company, the article showed respectively the detection results of the anticorrosion layers from Shuwulian to first station, from Shuyilian to Shuwulian and from Shusilian to first station gathering pipelines in Shuguang oil production plant in Liaohe oilfield. The inferior and poor level of the three pipelines was accounted for 50.2%,51.8% and 42.9% respectively on all the anticorrosion layers. The detect results and the verification of suspected leaks were consistent. There were certain limitations when PCM was used only to detect underground pipes .If it was combinated with other detection means, the results would be more accurate.

To study the impact of reducer pipeline on batch transportation of mixed product oil when there was a large drop at a crossing point, CFD multiphase flow model was used and transportation control equation was established based on petroldiesel oil mixture. Simulation about mixed volume of reducer pipeline placed in front of or behind the elbow was calculated and presented with pictures. The analysis show that when reducer pipeline placed in front of the elbow, the length of mixed oil was fairly equal and more diesel oil would mix into petrol under the petrol first order. While reducer pipeline placed behind the elbow, the length of mixed oil was longer and the average volume fractions of crossing sections along every axial were unevenly distributed under the petrol first order. Therefore for the reducing of mixed volume, it was appropriate for placing reducer pipeline in front of the elbow and taking the diesel oil first order when batch transportation pipeline was passing through the crossing point.

The total idea for waste water controlling was described and then the emission concentration limited of the chemical oxygen demand（COD）and the ammonia nitrogen（NH3N）for the Jinsha River, the Luanhe River and Dalinghe River were calculated respectively by twodimensional water quality model. The results show that the COD emission concentration limits of the three rivers were under the current standards. However, the NH3N emission concentration limits were all closed to or above the standards; the recommended COD and NH3N emission concentration limits were no more than 60 and 15 mg/L, respectively.

To study the diffusing of gas piercing leakage, finite volume method is used to establish CFD simulation model that detects different locations where gas pipes leak and four styles of diffusing, leakage of the upper, lower, windward and leeward side of the pipeline, were numerically simulated. According to the research, the leakage of lower is closer to the ground and diffuses less easily than the upper leakage, which has a 30～70 m larger dangerous area of cross range section. The leakage of windward side is similar to the leeward side, but the lengthwise section area of the former leakage is larger and more dangerous than the latter. And this simulation of leakage area provides theoretical base for safety transportation of gas and security maintenance of pipelines.

The transportation quantity of backward products in batch transportation of products often changed for some reasons, resulting in the changes of feature of mixed oil during batch transportation. To solve this problem, the governing equations of contaminated product were established based on multiphase flow model. Discrete numerical calculation were made with finitevolume method. The results show that the law of mixedoil’s feature variation is different with the quantity of backward products and among different periods. The increase of the transportation quantity of backward products can reduce the mixed volume, and when transportation sequence is different,the influence of changes of transportation quantity on growth rate of the mixed volume is also different.

Factors that affect pipeline safety and reliability are numerous and randomness, so directly solving the limit state equation is difficult. The solving process of using RF method is simple and high precision. Based on reliability theory and B31G-1991 standard, comprehensively considering the randomness of the corrosion defect length, radial depth of defect, the corrosion rate, wall thickness, pipe yield strength and pressure pipelines, using RF method established a mathematical model for the reliability analysis of corrosion piping. The computer program for this method was developed. The results show that reliability index of the pipe decreased with the increase of defect length, defect depth, and the radial in corrosion rate and that the defect depth is the main factor of pipeline failure. The pipeline reliability index with the pipe yield strength increases in a linear increased, and rapidly reduces with inside pressure increasing.

Milling head is the important actuator of divided milling machine. The strength value of milling machine has big affection in reliability when it working. Thus, the static and modal analysis used finite element software ANSYS has important meanings. The geometric model of milling head was builded by 3D software Pro/E and tested the interference of the model. The finite element was constructed through the connector of Pro/E and ANSYS and made modal and static analysis through ANSYS. The results of dynamic simulation show that there is no interference produced. The results of modal analysis show that there is no resonance phenomenon produced. At the same time, the results of static analysis show that the stiffness and strength is satisfied. Theoretically, the results of software provide references for the structure and optimizing design of the machine.

Considering the large resource of low temperature waste heat in heavy reservoir thermal recovery process, the technology of recover waste heat in oil field was used for heating pipeline in heavy oil transportation. The model of dynamic simulation system of the technology was established by MatlabSimulink, and the heating efficiency of the technology system was obtained. The results of the study show that the heating temperature of system can achieve 75 ℃, satisfied with the temperature requirements of heating water in heavy oil transportation, and the heating coefficient of system is 3.5. Based on this, through the analysis of the energy that the established system model can save standard coal 17 t/a better than boiler heating model, to reduce the discharge of pollutants in the air 0.714 t/a, the system has a large economic and environmental benefits.

The wasting of the superheated steam or heating the oil reservoir not sufficiently might be caused by the uncertainty of steam injection period during the steam soak, therefore, and a two-dimensional, unsteady state mineshaft-stratum-oil reservoir mathematical model was established, and the temperature fields of the stratum and the oil reservoir were analyzed. Furthermore, the influences of steam injection period to the heat affected radius during the steam soak were discussed. The results show that the heat affected radius of the oil reservoir increases with steam injection period duration and reaches the maximum when the steaming for 5 d, then nearly no longer changed after that. The heat in the oil reservoir began to transfer to the stratum when the steaming for 3 d, and the temperature fields of the stratum and the oil reservoir are nearly the same for 6 d. The steam injection period should be controlled in 4~5 d during the steam soak.

Aiming at the mixed oil quantity of pipelining products, mixed oil control equations of batch transportation was established based on multiphase flow model and finite volume method. The transportation mediums were 0# diesel and 90# gasoline. The numerical calculation was based on two cases, the product flows through a Ztube from top to bottom and from bottom to top. The research shows that when it flowed through the horizontal section of a Ztube, the distribution of mixed oil is not symmetric. In a vertical section, there are lager amount of mixed oil when diesel is above gasoline and the distribution of section concentration was more uniform when gasoline is in front of diesel.

 

As the Daqing crude oil's higher viscosity impacts the quantity of mixed oil, during the process of crude oil batch transportation between the Daqing and Russia, the control equation of mixed oil was established based on the sequence mixed oil conveying mechanism. Using the finite volume method computes batch transportation of different flow velocity through CFD software. And the reason that the lower viscosity of the Daqing oil, the lower quantity of mixed oil under different flow patterns was analyzed. And the feasible suggestion was that was adding adequate amount of viscosity breaker chemical or moderate diesel oil into the Daqing crude oil nearby the interface in order to decrease the quality of mixed oil in the process of transportation.

A system dynamics model of water resources utilization in urban ecosystem was established. The relationships among water resources utilization, urban economic development, and pollutant emissions, etc in urban ecosystem-were analyzed. Taking Fushun for instance, four water resources utilization patterns in urban ecosystem were designed, and then the trends of water resources utilization in urban ecosystem were forecasted and analyzed during 2011-2020. The results show that the water resources system in urban ecosystem consisted of four subsystems, namely, water resources subsystem, population subsystem, economy subsystems and environment subsystem. The comprehensive development pattern can improve the utilization of water resources in Fushun city among the four, and in that case, the water resources factor, total population, the GDP of secondary industry, COD discharging will reach 1.042 2, 2.16 million, 123.46 billion Yuan, and 31 308 t, respectively.

According to the characteristics of the spiral groove tube lines，to the oil for medium, the three-dimensional spiral groove line of physical and mathematical model were built up, using SIMPLE algorithm, the flow process of the single-phase oil medium in three-dimensional spiral groove grain tube numerically was simulated. Using Realiable k-ε model for the turbulence model, revealed the flow pattern of oil by the influence of spiral groove in grain. The simulation results show that oil in the spiral groove grain tube exchange heat mainly by the way of strengthening the disturbance near the surface layer of fluid, heat exchange inside the tube is strengthened. It simulates the rate of the resistance loss coefficient of spiral groove grain tube and that about smooth tube which is about 4, which experimental data error is smaller. The simulation provides certain theoretical basis to optimize for heat exchanger design parameter which using oil for medium, and to improve the heat transfer efficiency.

The Study on leakage of gas pipeline is to analyze and evaluate qualitatively and quantificationally the possible hazards. Based on FLUENT software established 3D leakage models with GAMBIT and simulated The leakage and release of sulfur natural gas pipeline at the state of 3D.The results show that the danger zone is greatly increased because of the presence of hydrogen sulfide simultaneously, at the condition of free diffusion. The leaked gas is mainly stayed at the upper of leak hole and has minor hazard zone, at the condition of wind. The hazard zone moved to downwind zone and gas gathered zone was formed but the direction of the wind had much less gas. Therefore, at the process of sulfur natural gas pipeline the hydrogen sulfide and wind lead to the increase of danger zone. 